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| ## page was renamed from subrepos #pragma section-numbers 2 #language zh |
# 翻译自 http://mercurial.selenic.com/wiki/Download?action=raw |
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| ''Other Languages: [[Subrepository|En]],[[Frenchsubrepos|Fr]]'' = 子仓库 = 可自动化的从各种来源管理嵌套[[Repository|仓库]] |
'' (Other languages: [[Download|English]] [[FrenchDownload|Français]] )'' |
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| == 简介 == | = 源代码 = * Source code of [[WhatsNew|released versions]] of Mercurial can be downloaded as usual .tar.gz files at [[http://mercurial.selenic.com/release/?M=D|http://mercurial.selenic.com/release/]]. * The [[http://selenic.com/repo/hg-stable|hg-stable]] repository leads to stable releases - download [[http://selenic.com/repo/hg-stable/archive/tip.tar.gz|snapshot]]. * The [[http://selenic.com/repo/hg|hg]] repository is the main development repository - download [[http://selenic.com/repo/hg/archive/tip.tar.gz|snapshot]]. * Check DeveloperRepos for other relevant developer repositories where you can get clone the hg source. |
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| 子仓库特性允许我们将不同的仓库成组的使用,允许统一的作为模块组进行克隆,检入,推送,下拉. | After getting the source, continue to UnixInstall or WindowsInstall for help with installing. |
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| 这一特性从 Mercurial 1.3 开始被内置支持了. 当前还有一些遗留命令来处理类子仓库事务,我们将统一这些命令,进行致性的子仓库感知. |
= 二进制包 = == Windows == * TortoiseHg with Windows Explorer "shell" integration * [[http://bitbucket.org/tortoisehg/stable/downloads/tortoisehg-0.9.2-1-hg-1.4.2.exe|tortoisehg-0.9.2-1-hg-1.4.2.exe]] all-in-one installer with !TortoiseHg 0.9.2 and Mercurial 1.4.2 * [[http://bitbucket.org/tortoisehg/thg-winbuild/downloads/mercurial-1.4.2.exe|Mercurial-1.4.2]] installer without !TortoiseHg * [[http://bitbucket.org/tortoisehg/thg-winbuild/downloads/|thg-winbuild]] has nightly builds of Mercurial and !TortoiseHg - and installers for installing Mercurial as Python packages * [[http://mercurial.berkwood.com|Minimal]] Windows installer - standalone or with existing python (latest and prior releases, snapshots) * [[http://cygwin.com/|cygwin]] can install mercurial. |
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| 对于SVN用户,子仓库的体验,非常接近运用 `svn:externals` 属性聲明的"卖方仓库". Mervurial 1.5 开始已经支持将SVN 作为子仓库使用. ^译注:万能的Python^ |
/!\ Like TortoiseSVN, [[http://www.selenic.com/pipermail/mercurial/2010-January/029680.html|we recommend]] to turn off the indexing service on the working copies and repositories, and exclude them from virus scans. |
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| == Mac OS X == * [[http://mercurial.berkwood.com|Mac OS X]] packages (you may have to add `export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8` and `export LANG=en_US.UTF-8` to your `~/.profile`) * [[http://pdb.finkproject.org/pdb/package.php/mercurial-py25|fink]] - 1.2.1 * [[http://www.macports.org/|macports]]: install with 'sudo port install mercurial' - 1.2.1 |
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| == 基础使用 == | == Linux (.deb) == * '''Debian''' * [[http://packages.debian.org/squeeze/mercurial|Debian squeeze (testing)]] - 1.3.1 * [[http://packages.debian.org/lenny/mercurial|Debian lenny (stable)]] - 1.0.1 * '''Ubuntu''' * [[http://packages.ubuntu.com/hardy/mercurial|Ubuntu Hardy]] - 0.9.5 ([[http://packages.ubuntu.com/hardy-backports/mercurial|1.0.1]] available if you [[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuBackports|enable backports]]) * [[http://packages.ubuntu.com/intrepid/mercurial|Ubuntu Intrepid]] - 1.0.1 * [[http://packages.ubuntu.com/jaunty/mercurial|Ubuntu Jaunty]] - 1.1.2 * [[http://packages.ubuntu.com/karmic/mercurial|Ubuntu Karmic]] - 1.3.1 * '''Launchpad PPAs''' (carrying packages for Hardy, Intrepid, Jaunty and Karmic) * [[https://launchpad.net/~mercurial-ppa/+archive/releases|Releases]] - 1.4.2 * [[https://launchpad.net/~mercurial-ppa/+archive/stable-snapshots|Stable snapshots]] - daily snapshot of stable DeveloperRepos (warning: untested code) * [[https://launchpad.net/~mercurial-ppa/+archive/snapshots|Snapshots]] - daily snapshot of unstable DeveloperRepos (warning: untested code) |
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| === 准备 === | Mercurial (from 1.0 onwards) is packaged for Debian-related distributions as two packages, ''mercurial'' and ''mercurial-common'' - you only need to care about this if you are downloading .deb files for manual installation - otherwise, APT dependency handling will take care of this for you when you install ''mercurial''. |
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| 啓用子仓库,至少需要两个版本仓库,主仓库和嵌套仓库: | == Linux (.rpm) == * [[http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=mercurial&submit=Search+...&system=mandriva&arch=|Mandriva]]: install with {{{urpmi mercurial}}} - 1.2.1 * [[http://koji.fedoraproject.org/koji/packageinfo?packageID=2518|Fedora]] and CentOS 5 with [[http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL|Fedora Projects EPEL]]: install with {{{yum install '*mercurial}}}*' - 1.4.1 (EPEL 1.3.1) * [[http://repos.opensuse.org/devel:/tools:/scm|OpenSUSE]] - 1.2.1 * [[http://arklinux.osuosl.org/dockyard-devel/SRPMS/|Ark Linux]] - 1.0.2 * [[http://www.openpkg.org/product/packages/?package=mercurial|OpenPKG]] - 1.2.1 An rpm package can be built from a Mercurial source repository with ''contrib/buildrpm''. It has currently mostly been tested on Fedora. == Linux (其他) == * [[http://archlinux.org/packages/search/?repo=all&category=all&q=mercurial&lastupdate=&limit=50|Arch Linux]] - 1.2.1 * [[http://packages.gentoo.org/package/dev-util/mercurial|Gentoo ebuild]]: install with {{{emerge mercurial}}} - 1.3.1 (1.4.1 in unstable) * [[http://www.t2-project.org/packages/mercurial.html|T2 SDE]] - 1.3 * [[http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/slackware/slackware-12.2/slackware/d/|Slackware 12.2]] - 1.0.2 * [[http://ipkg.nslu2-linux.org/feeds/optware/|Optware cross compilation ipk]] - latest for Python 2.4 and 2.5 == Solaris == * [[http://opencsw.org|OpenCSW]]: [[http://opencsw.org/packages/mercurial|mercurial-1.3.1]], [[http://mirror.opencsw.org/testing.html|testing contains mercurial-1.4.1]], for Solaris 8-10, SPARC/x86. * [[http://www.blastwave.org/pkg/search.ftd?qs=mercurial|blastwave]] - 1.3.1 * [[http://sunfreeware.com|sunfreeware.com]] - SPARC/Solaris 2.6-10 packages, x86/Solaris 8-10 packages - 1.4.1 == AIX == * [[http://lunch.org.uk/wiki/aix_packages|Mercurial and supporting RPMs, for AIX 5.2 and later]] - 1.4.2 == BSD == * [[http://freebsd.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/devel/mercurial/pkg-descr|FreeBSD Mercurial port]] ([[http://freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/ports/devel/mercurial/|port-webdir]]). [[ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-stable/devel/mercurial-1.2.1.tbz|i386 package]] - 1.2.1 * Requires [[http://freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/ports/lang/python25/|python25]] (i386 package: [[ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-stable/lang/python25-2.5.2_1.tbz|python25-2.5.2_1.tbz]]). Use [[http://freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+6.3-RELEASE&format=html|pkg_add]] for installing. * [[ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/pkgsrc/current/pkgsrc/devel/mercurial/README.html|NetBSD]] packages compiled from [[http://pkgsrc.se/devel/mercurial|pkgsrc]] - 1.2.1 = 使用easy_install = Mercurial can also be installed from [[http://pypi.python.org/pypi/Mercurial/|pypi]] with {{{easy_install}}}. It will however mostly just download and make a partial installation from source as described above. The installation will not be complete, and there have been reports that it doesn't work on OS X. You will need Python and the C compiler used to build it and {{{easy_install}}}. {{{easy_install}}} might be available in a {{{python-dev}}} or {{{python-setuptools-devel}}} package for your platform or you can grab it from http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EasyInstall. With the right prerequisites you can install the latest version of Mercurial using: |
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| $ hg init main $ cd main $ hg init nested $ echo test > nested/foo $ hg -R nested add nested/foo $ hg -R nested ci -m '初始化子仓库' |
easy_install -U mercurial |
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我们要在特殊文件:''`.hgsub`'' 中创建记录,聲明嵌套仓库. 注意,这里使用 .ini 类似的参数聲明形式,等号前的 `nested` 是指我们将嵌套仓库安装到的目录; 后面的 `nested` 是子仓库真正的访问URI, 这里因为是就地创建的,所以和安装目录相同; 意思就是:''任何人只要找到我们的主仓库,就可以根据这里的路径访问到子仓库'' {{{ $ echo nested = nested > .hgsub $ hg add .hgsub }}} 注意,嵌套仓库必须在 `.hgsub` 中聲明,才能和主仓库形成嵌套关系; 否则,你得手工的逐一对"嵌套"仓库进行克隆下拉.^即,形式上嵌套,但是仓库间不认识^ {{{ $ echo nested = https://example.com/nested/repo/path > .hgsub $ hg add .hgsub $ hg clone https://example.com/nested/repo/path nested }}} 如果你对默认分支进行更新时,也正是你得对子仓库进行更新之时. ==== SVN 子仓库 ==== 从1.5版本之后,Mercurial 支持其它版本系统的子仓库. 比如说,你将一个SVN 仓库装配成子仓库: {{{ $ echo 'nested = [svn]https://example.com/nested/trunk/path' >.hgsub $ hg add .hgsub $ svn co https://example.com/nested/trunk/path nested }}} 实际上, Mercurial 将没有 `[<仓库类型>]` 前导的聲明,视作使用了 `[hg]` === 检入 === 当我们对子仓库首次检入时,Mercurial 将创建一个子仓库版本状态的快照,以供主仓库判定是否进行联合检入; {{{ $ hg ci -m "test" committing subrepository nested }}} {i} 子仓库状态,储存在 ''`.hgsubstate`'' 文件中,由 Mercurial 自动进行管理. === 克隆 === 不论何时 Mercurial 都将试图更新所有嵌套仓库,到合适的状态: {{{ $ cd .. $ hg clone main main2 updating working directory pulling subrepo nested requesting all changes adding changesets adding manifests adding file changes added 1 changesets with 1 changes to 1 files 2 files updated, 0 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved $ cat main2/nested/foo test }}} 子仓库也包含专用的版本数据库,Mercurial 知道如何循环处理. === 推送 === Mercurial 也自动尝试将所有嵌套仓库的变更推送上去. 只要在顶层仓库中聲明清楚所有包含的子仓库. === 下拉 === 但是,杯具是 `pull` ^下拉^命令 '''不是递归的!''' 这是因为 Mercurial 无法使用子仓库是否有变更,除非逐一进行 `pull -u`. === 在子仓库中同步 === 子仓库并不自动追踪所有源仓库的最新变化. 只是从顶层变更获取当前最新更动. 这样开发者在更新时总是可以获得兼容代码或是库的 ''一致变更集'' . 因而,更新子仓库是个标准操作,只要在对应的子仓库目录中执行 `hg up`, 同时这样也在顶层仓库中记录了最新变更组合. === 删除 === 从父仓库清除子仓库,必须从 ''`.hgsub`'' 删除对应聲明. 这时执行 `hg st` 询问仓库状态,子仓库树就将标识为 `未知`. 你就可以直接删除相关文件了. == 警告 == 因为这是全部的特性,有一些已知问题: * 一些命令需要 `-S` 开关来操作子仓库 * 很多命令并不理解子仓库 * 更新/合并,当前还无法彻底的清除子仓库的本地变更 * 对于子仓库还无法进行交叉重命名/移动 * 正常文件和子仓库的冲突还无法感知 * 子仓库的下拉总是被 延迟 直到进行更新 * `pull -r` 在子仓库中无法过滤版本 * push 命令也同样忽略 URL和版本过滤参数 * 还无法对子仓库传递一些命令参数,比如说:`-A` = 讨论 = ZoomQuiet :: * [[http://groups.google.com/group/kcpymaster/browse_thread/thread/f9c11451e5c494ac|Mercurial 作品集锦多仓库模式?]] * 实际上当前内置的 嵌套仓库支持,只是简单的将标准多仓库操作进行了自动化,还不能象 SVN 的卖方仓库那样灵活的进行仓库间的组合,比如说: * 在服务端,使用相对路径可以对本地仓库目录进行子仓库聲明:{{{ nested = ../foorepo }}} * 但是在本地,进行克隆时,先下载下来的主仓库会优先下载 `.hgsub` 聲明文件,并按照文件中的路径进行子仓库的克隆 * 于是就杯具的报告:`无法在 ../foorepo` 找到仓库! * 即使我们在 `.hg/hgrc` 以及 `.hgsub` 中进行了 URL 式的嵌套仓库聲明也依然难以成功: 1. `http://foo.exsample.org/main/foorepo` 是无法接受的! ~ Hg 仓库的发布无法只检出子目录 1. `http://foo.exsample.org/foorepo` 是不能识别的,因为单独发布的子仓库,不在 `.hgsub`聲明的嵌套关系中! |
(Other languages: English Français )
Contents
源代码
Source code of released versions of Mercurial can be downloaded as usual .tar.gz files at http://mercurial.selenic.com/release/.
The hg-stable repository leads to stable releases - download snapshot.
The hg repository is the main development repository - download snapshot.
Check DeveloperRepos for other relevant developer repositories where you can get clone the hg source.
After getting the source, continue to UnixInstall or WindowsInstall for help with installing.
二进制包
Windows
TortoiseHg with Windows Explorer "shell" integration
tortoisehg-0.9.2-1-hg-1.4.2.exe all-in-one installer with TortoiseHg 0.9.2 and Mercurial 1.4.2
Mercurial-1.4.2 installer without TortoiseHg
thg-winbuild has nightly builds of Mercurial and TortoiseHg - and installers for installing Mercurial as Python packages
Minimal Windows installer - standalone or with existing python (latest and prior releases, snapshots)
cygwin can install mercurial.
![/!\](/moin-static/modernized/img/alert.png "/!\"){kind=small}
Like TortoiseSVN, we recommend to turn off the indexing service on the working copies and repositories, and exclude them from virus scans.
Mac OS X
Mac OS X packages (you may have to add export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 and export LANG=en_US.UTF-8 to your ~/.profile)
fink - 1.2.1
macports: install with 'sudo port install mercurial' - 1.2.1
Linux (.deb)
Debian
Debian squeeze (testing) - 1.3.1
Debian lenny (stable) - 1.0.1
Ubuntu
Ubuntu Hardy - 0.9.5 (1.0.1 available if you enable backports)
Ubuntu Intrepid - 1.0.1
Ubuntu Jaunty - 1.1.2
Ubuntu Karmic - 1.3.1
Launchpad PPAs (carrying packages for Hardy, Intrepid, Jaunty and Karmic)
Releases - 1.4.2
Stable snapshots - daily snapshot of stable DeveloperRepos (warning: untested code)
Snapshots - daily snapshot of unstable DeveloperRepos (warning: untested code)
Mercurial (from 1.0 onwards) is packaged for Debian-related distributions as two packages, mercurial and mercurial-common - you only need to care about this if you are downloading .deb files for manual installation - otherwise, APT dependency handling will take care of this for you when you install mercurial.
Linux (.rpm)
Mandriva: install with urpmi mercurial - 1.2.1
Fedora and CentOS 5 with Fedora Projects EPEL: install with yum install '*mercurial*' - 1.4.1 (EPEL 1.3.1)
OpenSUSE - 1.2.1
Ark Linux - 1.0.2
OpenPKG - 1.2.1
An rpm package can be built from a Mercurial source repository with contrib/buildrpm. It has currently mostly been tested on Fedora.
Linux (其他)
Arch Linux - 1.2.1
Gentoo ebuild: install with emerge mercurial - 1.3.1 (1.4.1 in unstable)
T2 SDE - 1.3
Slackware 12.2 - 1.0.2
Optware cross compilation ipk - latest for Python 2.4 and 2.5
Solaris
OpenCSW: mercurial-1.3.1, testing contains mercurial-1.4.1, for Solaris 8-10, SPARC/x86.
blastwave - 1.3.1
sunfreeware.com - SPARC/Solaris 2.6-10 packages, x86/Solaris 8-10 packages - 1.4.1
AIX
BSD
FreeBSD Mercurial port (port-webdir). i386 package - 1.2.1
Requires python25 (i386 package: python25-2.5.2_1.tbz). Use pkg_add for installing.
使用easy_install
Mercurial can also be installed from pypi with easy_install. It will however mostly just download and make a partial installation from source as described above. The installation will not be complete, and there have been reports that it doesn't work on OS X.
You will need Python and the C compiler used to build it and easy_install. easy_install might be available in a python-dev or python-setuptools-devel package for your platform or you can grab it from http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EasyInstall.
With the right prerequisites you can install the latest version of Mercurial using:
easy_install -U mercurial