Quick start

(see also UnderstandingMercurial, Tutorial, and http://mercurial.selenic.com/quickstart/)

1. Setting a username

By default Mercurial uses a username of the form 'user@localhost' for commits. This is often meaningless. It's best to configure a proper email address in ~/.hgrc ¹ (or on a Windows system in %USERPROFILE%\Mercurial.ini) by adding lines such as the following:

[ui]
username = John Doe <john@example.com>

2. Working on an existing Mercurial project

If you have a URL to a browsable project repository (for example http://selenic.com/hg), you can grab a copy like so:

$ hg clone http://selenic.com/hg mercurial-repo
real URL is http://www.selenic.com/hg/
requesting all changes
adding changesets
adding manifests
adding file changes
added 9633 changesets with 19124 changes to 1271 files
updating to branch default
1084 files updated, 0 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved

This will create a new directory called mercurial-repo, grab the complete project history, and check out the tipmost changeset from the default branch (see clone).

See which revision was checked out (see parents):

$ cd mercurial-repo
$ hg parents
changeset:   9632:16698d87ad20
tag:         tip
user:        Nicolas Dumazet <...>
date:        Mon Sep 21 19:21:32 2009 +0200
summary:     util: use sys.argv[0] if $HG is unset and 'hg' is not in PATH

The summary command (introduced with Mercurial 1.4) will summarize the state of the working directory. Command names may be abbreviated, so entering just hg sum is enough:

$ hg sum
parent: 9632:16698d87ad20 tip
 util: use sys.argv[0] if $HG is unset and 'hg' is not in PATH
branch: default
commit: (clean)
update: (current)

commit: (clean) means that there no local changes, update: (current) means that the checked out files (in the working directory) are updated to the newest revision in the repository.

3. Setting up a new Mercurial project

You'll want to start by creating a repository (see init):

$ cd project/
$ hg init           # creates .hg

Mercurial will look for a file named .hgignore ² in the root of your repository which contains a set of glob patterns and regular expressions to ignore in file paths. Here's an example .hgignore file:

syntax: glob
*.orig
*.rej
*~
*.o
tests/*.err

syntax: regexp
.*\#.*\#$

Test your .hgignore file with (see status):

$ hg status         # show all non-ignored files

This will list all files that are not ignored with a '?' flag (not tracked). Edit your .hgignore file until only files you want to track are listed by status. You'll want to track your .hgignore file too! But you'll probably not want to track files generated by your build process. Once you're satisfied, schedule your files to be added, then commit:

$ hg add            # add those 'unknown' files
$ hg commit         # commit all changes into a new changeset, edit changelog entry
$ hg parents        # see the currently checked out revision (or changeset)

For a detailed description of all commands see http://www.selenic.com/mercurial/hg.1.html or enter

$ hg help

to get an overview of all commands. Help for a specific command is available by giving the command name

$ hg help add

4. Clone, commit, merge

$ hg clone project project-work    # clone repository
$ cd project-work
$ <make changes>
$ hg commit
$ cd ../project
$ <make other changes>
$ hg commit
$ hg pull ../project-work   # pull changesets from project-work
$ hg merge                  # merge the new tip from project-work into our working directory
$ hg parents                # see the revisions that have been merged into the working directory
$ hg commit                 # commit the result of the merge

See clone, commit, pull, merge

5. Exporting a patch

(make changes)
$ hg commit
$ hg export tip    # export the most recent commit

See export

6. Network support

# clone from the primary Mercurial repo
$ hg clone http://selenic.com/hg/
$ cd hg

# pull new changesets from an existing other repo into the repository (.hg)
$ hg pull http://selenic.com/hg/

# export your current repo via HTTP with browsable interface on port 8000
$ hg serve -n "My repo"

# push changesets to a remote repo with SSH
$ hg push ssh://user@example.com/hg/

See pull, serve, push

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