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Named branches
Named branches allow assigning persistent symbolic names to branches of development inside a single repository. It is neccessary to add, that all branches are actually named, the "unnamed" ones bearing the name "default".
Contents
Find What Branch You're On
Calling hg branch without a name shows the current branch name of the working directory. Calling hg branch after a hg init outputs "default", the (reserved) name of the default branch:
$ hg init $ hg branch default
Create a Branch
To begin a new branch, set the branch name of the working directory and then commit it:
... $ hg branch newfeature marked working directory as branch newfeature $ hg branch newfeature $ hg ci -m "start feature branch" $ hg parents changeset: 3899:c08bfc770d37 branch: newfeature tag: tip user: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> date: Tue Dec 19 14:20:11 2006 -0600 summary: start feature branch
From this point on, all committed changesets will be associated with the supplied branch name. Unless overridden with the hg branch other_name command, the working directory inherits the branch name associated with a changeset. This way, a sequence of changesets will typically all have the same branch name.
When Mercurial lists a changeset, it will only show the branch name associated with the changeset if the branch name differs from the reserved branch name "default".
Create a Branch From an Older Revision
This can be done by updating your working copy to the revision in question and then creating the new branch.
$ hg update -r 500 hg 613 files updated, 0 files merged, 16 files removed, 0 files unresolved $ hg branch newbranch $ hg commit -m 'made a new branch from revision 500'
Switch Among Branches
Switch among branches using the hg update command:
$ hg update newfeature $ hg update -C newbranch
By providing a branch name, hg update will update your working copy to the tip on this branch. Note: the -C option discards local changes, so be careful before using this option.
Merge Branches
When merging with another branch, the local branch name takes precedence:
$ hg up newfeature $ hg incoming http://example.net/repos/remote searching for changes changeset: 3901:3be94ff00829 branch: main tag: tip parent: 3898:93e5f07baf75 user: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> date: Tue Dec 19 14:26:52 2006 -0600 summary: bug fix $ hg pull http://example.net/repos/remote pulling from http://example.net/repos/remote searching for changes adding changesets adding manifests adding file changes added 1 changesets with 1 changes to 1 files (+1 heads) (run 'hg heads' to see heads, 'hg merge' to merge) $ hg merge 1 files updated, 0 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved (branch merge, don't forget to commit) $ hg branch newfeature
Branch names can be used anywhere that tag names can, including log, diff, push, and pull. When a branch has multiple heads, the tipmost revision of the branch will be found. Here are some examples:
$ hg branches main 3901:3be94ff00829 newbranch 3900: ... newfeature 3899:c08bfc770d37 $ hg log -r main changeset: 3901:3be94ff00829 branch: main tag: tip parent: 3898:93e5f07baf75 user: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> date: Tue Dec 19 14:26:52 2006 -0600 summary: bug fix $ hg in -r main ../bd2 searching for changes no changes found
Delete Branches
Undoing a Bad Merge
Mercurial does not yet offer a foolproof way to back out an erroneous merge. The latest information I've been able to find on this matter is at http://stackoverflow.com/questions/265944/backing-out-a-backwards-merge-on-mercurial and is currently marked unresolved.