Generic Templating Plan

Adding advanced templating support to commands beyond log

1. Purpose

Ideally, we should be able to generate customizable output for all output-oriented commands. This will give users fine-grained control for numerous tasks without adding lots of new command line switches. Additionally, we should be able to generate output in common formats such as JSON, XML, and pickle for convenient parsing and automation without any additional code.

2. Interface

Here's what a simple use of templates might look like for a 'showfiles' command:

# create a templater from the command options
fm = ui.formatter('showfiles', opts)
wctx = repo[None]
for f in wctx:
    # start a new template item
    fm.startitem()
    # pass data that's otherwise not shown to the templater
    fm.data(size=wctx[f].size())
    # show some extra data with -v
    fm.condwrite(ui.verbose, 'flags', '%d %1s ', wctx[f].flags())
    # show the path
    fm.write('path', '%s\n', f)
# shut down the templater
fm.end()

Internally, template data is modeled as a list of dictionaries, which is well-matched to most of our output. Here, we construct a list of (size, flags, path) elements.

3. Specifying a format

There are several types of format we might want to specify:

• built-in (json, xml, pickle...)
• style we ship (compact, svn...)
• path to a style (/home/bob/lib/myannotate)
• inline template spec ("{path}\t{size}\n")
• path to a file containing a template spec (not a style)

We've added a single new command-line option -T/--template that gives us convenient access to all of these modes:

• -T xml
• -T compact
• -T /some/path
• -T '{author}\n'

3.1. Per-command styles, legacy styles, and verbosity levels

The existing templating system for log doesn't envision support for more than just the log-like commands, but we'll need to continue to support template styles built for this scheme.

We'd also like to have single-file template maps that handle a variety of commands. This might be done by having one map key per command. Dealing with verbosity might be done either with template conditionals or with '.verbose' key suffixes.

4. JSON, XML, and encoding troubles

Given our simple schema, it's a relatively easy matter to construct outputs in standard marshalling formats. One trick here, however, is dealing with non-ASCII data. Given things like filenames may not be in UTF-8 and we often don't even know their encoding (see EncodingStrategy), we can't simply convert to Unicode. Instead, we'll use "UTF-8b", a scheme that can round-trip arbitrary binary data through UTF-8. This is used in various places which have encountered similar problems, for instance Python 3 uses this scheme for dealing with Unix filenames.

5. Steps

• add a formatter object to track formatting state

• add pass-through backend

• add debugging backend

• add UTF-8b encoder

• add JSON backend

• add pickle backend

• add -T option handler

• add template backend

• add XML backend
• sanity check output (see below)
• build a dictionary of variable names
• unify variable names
• convert remaining important commands:
  • summary
  • config
  • identify

6. Sanity check output

A quick scan turns up the following problems:

• The first output is often not according to -T (e.g. -Tjson):

  • hg incoming -- comparing with ...

  • hg resolve -- merging ... and ... to ...

• Command progress isn't wrapped:

  • hg rebase -- rebasing x:xxxxxxx ...

• Subprocess output isn't wrapped:

  • hg resolve --tool

• The last output is often not according to -T (e.g. -Tjson):

  • hg outgoing -- largefiles adds stuff largefiles to upload (...):

• hints aren't formated:

  • (no more unresolved files)

  • continue: ...

• The graph interferes in hg log -G, the output isn't JSON -- perhaps we need to expose the marker color and parents or something...)

• There's no warning if you use -T / --template more than once

7. Dictionary

Note that this isn't an official list of what we want, it's merely things that are currently present (some of which should be changed).

• Proposal for unification:

  • bookmark + tag -> name, leaving "bookmarks" + "tags"

  • file -> abspath

• Hopefully we can unify these:
  • "node" + "hash" + "manifest"
  • "amend_source" + "histedit_source" + "intermediate-source"? + "rebase_source" + "source"

    • See https://www.irccloud.com/pastebin/TTwtyP5i for an example of this mess. My plan is "source" + "producer" (or something like that) which would result in "source: {hash}" + "producer: graft" or "source: {hash}" + "producer: amend" ...

• Some items are clearly in need of love

  • "line" (this is a line of text, correlating to a line number, but i'd rather call it text) + "line_number" (I'd generally call this line unless forced...)

• unweighted raw list:
  • "abspath"
  • "active"
  • "added"
  • "amend_source"
  • "bookmark" (replace with "name")
  • "bookmarks"
  • "branch"
  • "close"
  • "closed"
  • "copies"
  • "copy"
  • "current"
  • "date"
  • "desc"
  • "diff"
  • "diffstat"
  • "extra"
  • "file" (replace with "abspath")
  • "files"
  • "flags"
  • "hash"
  • "histedit_source"
  • "intermediate-source" (unknown producer)
  • "line"
  • "line_number"
  • "manifest"
  • "mode"
  • "modified"
  • "name"
  • "new" (proposed to replace arbitrary content as keys in "copies")
  • "node"
  • "parents"
  • "path"
  • "phase"
  • "pushurl"
  • "rebase_source"
  • "removed"
  • "rev"
  • "size"
  • "source" (probably from graft?)
  • "status"
  • "tag" (replace with "name")
  • "tags"
  • "type"
  • "url"
  • "user"

8. Status

As of 3.7, Mercurial can generate manual templates in addition to JSON and pickle formats for:

• status
• tags
• manifest
• files
• log / parents / tip / incoming / outgoing
• annotate
• bookmarks
• branches
• paths
• resolve
• debugextensions / debugdeltachain

The following commands will be supported in Mercurial 4.0:

• version
• debugobsolete

$ hg log -r3.1 -Tjson
[
 {
  "rev": 23089,
  "node": "3178e49892020336491cdc6945885c4de26ffa8b",
  "branch": "stable",
  "phase": "public",
  "user": "Pierre-Yves David <pierre-yves.david@fb.com>",
  "date": [1406923295, 25200],
  "desc": "status: do not reverse deleted and unknown\n\nWhen reversing a status, trading \"added\" and \"removed\" make sense.\nReversing \"deleted\" and \"unknown\" does not. We stop doing it.\n\nThe reversing is documented in place for the poor soul not even able to remember\nthe index of all status elements by heart.",
  "bookmarks": [],
  "tags": ["3.1"],
  "parents": ["8864528874f77272742551223b8265ff4d125534"]
 }
]

CategoryNewFeatures